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Chogwirizira waya chogwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kuyesedwa ngati njira yonse yogwirizira, osati kokha ndi mtundu wake, chitsanzo kapena mawonekedwe ake akunja. Makina, mutu wa chogwirizira, njira ya waya, chida chogwirizira, wogwira ntchito, makina owonera, mapulogalamu ndi zida zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi ngati njira imodzi.
Chiwonetsero choyatsa magetsi chingasonyeze kuti makina akuyamba ndipo ma axes ake akuluakulu akuyenda. Sichitsimikizira kuti makina omwe aperekedwa akhoza kudyetsa waya womwe ukufunidwa, kupanga ma bond okhazikika, kusunga mawonekedwe ozungulira ofunikira kapena kupereka zotsatira zovomerezeka za bond-test.
Choncho, kuwunika kothandiza kwambiri kumayamba ndi njira yokonzekera phukusi, kumapitirira ndi kapangidwe ka makina enieni ndipo kumathera ndi umboni wolembedwa wotsimikizira kuti makinawo ndi ogwirizana. Ogula omwe amafunikira choyamba kufotokozera njira zolumikizira ndi mitundu ya zida amatha kuwonanso zomwe zalembedwa.kalozera waukadaulo wa waya wolumikizirana.
Fotokozani Njira Yogwirizanitsa Makina Musanayang'ane Makinawo
Cholumikizira waya sichingavomerezedwe motsutsana ndi mawu wamba monga akuti "makina amagwira ntchito bwino." Wogula ayenera choyamba kufotokoza phukusi, waya, njira yolumikizira ndi zotsatira zomwe makina akuyembekezeka kuthandizira.
| Kulowetsa Njira | Chidziwitso Chokonzekera | Chifukwa Chake Zimakhudza Kuvomerezeka kwa Makina |
|---|---|---|
| Njira yolumikizirana | Kulumikiza mpira, kulumikiza waya wopyapyala, kulumikiza waya wolemera kapena riboni | Njira iliyonse imafuna mutu wosiyana wa bond, mawonekedwe a zida, njira ya waya ndi ndondomeko yolumikizirana. |
| Waya kapena riboni | Kukula kwa zinthu, kukula kwa dayamita kapena riboni, woperekayo ndi mtundu wa spool womwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito | Dongosolo lodyetsera, chomangira, chida, mawonekedwe a ultrasound ndi zenera la njira ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa. |
| go urgerek | Kukula kwa die, kapangidwe ka pedi, leadframe kapena substrate, kukula kwa phukusi ndi malo olumikizirana | Phukusili limasankha malo olumikizirana, wogwira ntchito, mawonekedwe ndi kuyenda kofunikira kwa makina. |
| Malo olumikizirana | Zinthu zopangira ma die-pad, zokutira ma leadframe, kumalizidwa kwa substrate ndi momwe pamwamba pake palili | Magawo a bond ndi zotsatira zomwe zingatheke zimadalira mawonekedwe onse azinthu. |
| Chofunikira cha kuzungulira | Kutalika kwa kuzungulira, kutalika, komwe kumayang'aniridwa, malo olowera ndi chilichonse chofunikira cha kuzungulira kotsika kapena kuzungulira kwakutali | Mphamvu ya kuzungulira iyenera kuwonetsedwa pa geometry yoyimira phukusi. |
| Kutentha | Kutentha kofunikira kwa wogwira ntchito, kutentha kwa phukusi ndi kutentha kovomerezeka | Chotenthetsera ndi chogwirira ntchito ziyenera kusunga momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera popanda kuwononga chinthucho. |
| Zofunikira pa khalidwe | Malire owoneka, muyeso wa kuzungulira, njira yokokera kapena kumeta ndi zofunikira zoyenera kuvomereza | FAT imafuna miyezo yoyezeka m'malo moweruza kuti ma bondwo awoneke ngati ovomerezeka. |
| Cholinga cha kupanga | Mtundu wa phukusi, mawaya pa chipangizo chilichonse, cholinga chotulutsa, kusintha kwa zinthu ndi zosowa zodzichitira zokha | Kuyenda kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika sikutsimikizira zokha kuchuluka kofunikira kwa kupanga kapena kayendedwe ka ntchito. |
Zolowera izi siziyenera kukhala njira yonse yopangira zinthu musanayambe kuwunika. Komabe, ziyenera kukhala ndi tsatanetsatane wokwanira kuti zidziwike ntchito za makina, zida ndi zotsatira za mayeso zomwe zili zofunika pa polojekitiyi.
Lumikizani Zolemba Zonse Zowunikira ku Makina Olondola
Nambala ya seri ya makina iyenera kulumikiza mtengo, zithunzi, zolemba zokonzera, lipoti loyang'anira, zotsatira za FAT ndi mndandanda womaliza wa zolongedza. Zithunzi kuchokera ku makina ena a mtundu womwewo sizikutsimikizira zomwe zayikidwa pa chipangizo chomwe chikuperekedwa.
| Malo Okonzera | Zoyenera Kujambula | Zimene Chikalatachi Chimathandiza Kutsimikizira |
|---|---|---|
| Kudziwika kwa makina | Mtundu wonse, mtundu, nambala yotsatizana, mbiri yopangira ndi dzina | Kuti chikalata chilichonse chimatanthauza makina omwewo |
| Mutu wa bond ndi transducer | Mtundu wa mutu, chizindikiritso cha transducer, mawonekedwe a chida, mbiri yautumiki ndi momwe zimaonekera | Kaya dongosolo lomangirira lomwe lakhazikitsidwa likugwirizana ndi njira yomwe ikufunidwa |
| Dongosolo lodyetsa waya | Makonzedwe a spool, malangizo, zigawo zomangirira, njira yodyetsera, zomangira ndi zodulira | Kaya makinawo angathe kudyetsa ndikuwongolera waya kapena riboni yomwe akufuna |
| Dongosolo la EFO | Ndodo ya EFO, momwe imatulutsira, malo ake ndi zida zina zokhudzana ndi zomangira mpira | Kaya kupangika kwa mpira wa free-air-ball kungawonetsedwe komwe njirayo ikufunira |
| Zida zomangira | Ma capillaries, wedges, zida zogwirira ntchito, ma clamps ndi zinthu zina zomwe zaphatikizidwa | Ngati pali zida zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito waya ndi phukusi |
| Wogwira ntchito ndi chotenthetsera | Zomangira, zomangira, malo othandizira, mbale yotenthetsera, kuwongolera kutentha ndi masensa | Kaya phukusili likhoza kusungidwa ndikutenthedwa nthawi zonse |
| Masomphenya dongosolo | Makamera, kuwala, magetsi, ntchito zozindikira mawonekedwe ndi momwe zinthu zilili | Kaya zolemba za phukusi ndi malo olumikizirana zitha kuzindikirika moyenera |
| Kusamalira zinthu | Kukweza ndi manja, kusamalira magazini, kunyamula ma leadframe, kuyika ndi kutsitsa ma module | Kaya makinawo angathandize kayendedwe ka ntchito yomwe akufuna kupanga |
| Wowongolera ndi mapulogalamu | Kupanga owongolera, mtundu wa mapulogalamu, zosankha zogwira ntchito, maphikidwe, zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi chidziwitso chobwezeretsa | Kaya makinawo angathe kubwezeretsedwa, kukonzedwa ndi kuthandizidwa akatha kuperekedwa |
| Zamagetsi ndi chitetezo | Mphamvu, mpweya wopanikizika, utsi wotulutsa mpweya, zotetezera, maloko olumikizirana ndi ntchito zoyimitsa mwadzidzidzi | Kaya dongosololi likhoza kuyikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ku fakitale yolandirira |
Si ma waya onse omangirira pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwezo. Dongosolo la EFO ndi dongosolo la free-air-ball ndizofunikira pa ma ball bonding, pomwe ma wedge ndi ma heavy-wire amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera ma waya, zida ndi kudula. Mndandanda wowunikira uyenera kutsatira ukadaulo weniweni wa ma bonding m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti ball-bonder pa makina onse.
Siyanitsani Kuyenda Koyambira kwa Makina ndi Umboni wa Njira
Umboni wowunikira umakhala wofunika kwambiri pamene ukuchoka pa ntchito ya makina ambiri kupita ku njira yolumikizirana yoyimira.
| Mulingo wa Umboni | Zimene Zingasonyezedwe | Zimene Sizikutsimikiziridwa |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyang'ana kwa magetsi | Oyambitsa, mwayi wolowera wowongolera, momwe chitetezo chilili komanso ma alamu owoneka | Kuthekera kogwirizanitsa, kuyanjana kwa zinthu ndi kukhazikika kwa njira |
| Chiwonetsero cha nthawi youma | Kuyenda kwa Axis, indexing, vision movement ndi basic automation sequence | Kudyetsa waya, kuyanjana kwa zida, kupangika kwa mgwirizano ndi mphamvu ya mgwirizano |
| Mayeso ogwirira ntchito | Kudyetsa waya, kugwira ntchito kwa clamp, kuyenda kwa zida, zomangira zoyamba ndi zachiwiri ndi kuzungulira koyambira | Kugwirizana ndi phukusi la wogula komanso njira zovomerezeka zopangira |
| FAT yochokera ku ntchito | Kuyika phukusi loyimira, kutsatana kwa mgwirizano, kupangika kwa kuzungulira, zotsatira zowoneka ndi deta yoyesera | Kuchita bwino kwa nthawi yayitali pakupanga kupitirira zomwe zavomerezedwa |
| Ziyeneretso za kupanga | Kugwira ntchito molingana ndi zinthu, zofunikira, zotsatira zake ndi dongosolo lodalirika la wogula | Zinthu zomwe zili kunja kwa zenera loyenerera la njira |
FAT yothandiza siyenera kunena kuti makinawo ali kale oyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chilichonse chamtsogolo. Iyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino ntchito ndi zipangizo zomwe zinayesedwa, zotsatira zake zomwe zinayesedwa komanso zoopsa zomwe zikufunikabe kutsimikiziridwa pambuyo poyika.
Pangani FAT Mozungulira Mndandanda Wonse Wogwirizana
Mayeso Ovomerezeka ndi Factory ayenera kutsatira njira kuyambira pakukweza zinthu mpaka kulumikiza komaliza ndi zotsatira zolembedwa. Mndandanda weniweni udzasiyana pakati pa makina olumikizirana a mpira, wedge, heavy-wire ndi riboni.
| Gawo la Mafuta | Ntchito Yoyesera | Umboni Woyenera Kusunga |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyambitsa ndi momwe zinthu zilili | Yambitsani makinawo, yang'anani ma axes ake ndikuwunikanso ma alamu omwe akugwira ntchito komanso momwe gawoli lilili. | Kanema woyambira, mtundu wa pulogalamu, sikirini yosinthira ndi mbiri ya alamu |
| Kukhazikitsa zida | Ikani chida chogwiritsira ntchito capillary, wedge kapena riboni ndikutsimikizira mawonekedwe a chidacho. | Kuzindikira chida, momwe mwini wake alili komanso mbiri yokhazikitsa |
| Kutsegula mawaya | Yendetsani waya kapena riboni yomwe mwasankha kudzera mu dongosolo loyika chakudya ndi chogwirira. | Zipangizo za waya, miyeso, zambiri za spool ndi zithunzi za njira yoyendetsera zinthu |
| Ntchito zowongolera mawaya | Gwiritsani ntchito chodyetsera, chowongolera kupsinjika, chomangira, chodulira ndi chowongolera mchira ngati kuli kofunikira. | Kanema wogwira ntchito, ma alamu ndi kukhazikika kwa chakudya komwe kwawonedwa |
| Kupanga mpira | Onetsani kupangika kwa mpira womasuka poyesa njira yolumikizira mpira. | Zithunzi za mpira, mawonekedwe okhazikika ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera yokhazikitsira |
| Kulinganiza masomphenya | Phunzitsani ndi kuzindikira ma reference a die, substrate kapena leadframe. | Zithunzi za kamera, zotsatira zozindikirika, ndi kuwona momwe zinthu zimabwerezedwanso |
| Chigwirizano choyamba | Pangani mgwirizano woyamba pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyimira ndi njira yogwirizana. | Zithunzi za bond, magawo a ndondomeko ndi zomwe zawonedwa pakuwunika |
| Kupanga kuzungulira | Yendetsani mizere yayifupi, yayitali, yapakati komanso ya m'mphepete ngati pakufunika. | Miyeso ya mawonekedwe a kuzungulira, kutalika, malo otseguka ndi kusinthasintha |
| Chigwirizano chachiwiri | Malizitsani ulusi wosokera kapena wedge ndikutsimikizira kutha kwa waya. | Zithunzi za bond, zotsatira za mchira, malo osweka waya ndi zomwe zawonedwa pakuwunika |
| Kugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza | Yendetsani maulendo okwana opitilira kuti muwone mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kudya, kuzindikira, kugwirizana kapena kuthana nawo nthawi ndi nthawi. | Mbiri ya njinga, ma alamu, ma bond osowa, kusweka kwa waya ndi njira zogwirira ntchito |
| Chinsinsi ndi kuchira | Sungani njirayi, yambaninso makinawo ndikutsimikizira kuti makonda ndi deta zomwe mukufuna zitha kubwezeretsedwanso. | Mafayilo a maphikidwe, malo osungira zinthu zakale ndi chiwonetsero chobwezeretsa |
Chiwerengero chofunikira cha zipangizo, mawaya kapena maulendo obwerezabwereza chiyenera kuvomerezedwa musanayese. Chiyenera kuwonetsa cholinga cha FAT osati kusankhidwa chifukwa choti chiwonetsero chachifupi chili chosavuta.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Mayeso a Bond Kuti Muyese Zotsatira
Kuyenda kwa makina ndi mawonekedwe ake sizimayesa mwachindunji mphamvu ya mgwirizano. Ngati polojekitiyo ikufuna umboni wochuluka, dongosolo loyesera likhoza kuphatikizapo kukoka waya, kumeta mpira kapena mayeso ena amakina.
Kuyang'ana Kowoneka ndi Kofanana
Kuyang'ana m'maso kumatha kuwona malo olumikizirana, kusintha kwa maukonde, momwe mchira ulili, kuwonongeka kooneka, kusesa waya ndi kutseguka kwa loop. Kuyang'ana kofanana kumatha kulemba kutalika kwa loop, mawonekedwe a bond kapena miyeso ina yokhudzana ndi phukusi.
Macheke awa ndi ofunikira, koma mgwirizano wovomerezeka ndi maso suyenera kuonedwa ngati umboni wa mphamvu ya makina.
Kuyesa Koka kwa Waya
Kuyesa kukoka waya kumayika katundu wolamulidwa pa waya kapena riboni yolumikizidwa. Lipotilo liyenera kulemba momwe mayesowo adakhazikitsidwira, malo a chida, zotsatira zoyezedwa ndi momwe zinthu zinalepherera.
Malo olephera akhoza kukhala ofunikira monga mphamvu ya waya. Kusweka kwa waya, kukweza bond, kulephera kwa chidendene, kuwonongeka kwa pad kapena kulephera kwa substrate kungasonyeze njira zosiyanasiyana kapena zinthu zomwe zilipo.
Kumeta Mpira ndi Mayeso Ena Ometa Mpira
Kudula mpira kungakhale koyenera poyesa mgwirizano wa mpira pamene kapangidwe ka phukusi ndi njira yoyesera yosankhidwa ikuchirikiza. Kuyesa kudula sikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa pamakina ku mapulojekiti a wedge kapena heavy-waya popanda kutsimikizira kuti ndiyo njira yolondola yowunikira kapangidwe ka mgwirizano.
Kuwunika Njira Zogwirizana
Ma waya ena amapereka ntchito zowunikira njira, kuyesa kukoka mkati kapena ntchito zosawononga. Kupezeka kwawo kumadalira mtundu wa makina, zida zoyikidwa, ndi mapulogalamu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuyang'anira kophatikizana kungapereke umboni wothandiza pa njira yogwirira ntchito, koma kuyenera kuwunikidwanso pamodzi ndi njira yotsimikizira ya wogula. Chinsalu choyang'anira chokha sichitsimikizira kuti malire oyenera, kuwerengera ndi njira yopangira phukusi zakhazikitsidwa.
Unikaninso Kubwerezabwereza ndi Khalidwe Lobwezeretsa
Chipangizo chimodzi chogwira ntchito bwino sichikwanira kusonyeza kuti makinawo akhoza kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Kugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poona:
Kugwirizana kwa waya ndi kuyankhidwa kwa clamp
Kukhazikika kwa mpira wopanda mpweya pa zomangira za mpira
Kugwirizana kwa mgwirizano woyamba ndi mgwirizano wachiwiri
Kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a kuzungulira malo olumikizirana
Kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi kukhazikika kwa mfundo zophunzitsira
Kulemba phukusi ndi chithandizo cha ogwira ntchito
Kusweka kwa mawaya, ma bond olakwika ndi ma alarm abodza
Kuchira pambuyo pa kuyimitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu kapena kusokonezeka kwa zinthu
Mkhalidwe pambuyo potentha thupi ndi kuthamanga mosalekeza
Cholembedwa cha FAT chiyenera kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse kwamanja kapena njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimafunika kuti ntchitoyo ithe. Zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka pokhapokha mutasintha mobwerezabwereza zomwe sizinalembedwe sizifanana ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika komanso yobwerezabwereza.
Tsimikizani Mapulogalamu, Maphikidwe ndi Kubwezeretsa Makina
Cholumikizira waya chokwanira bwino chingapangitse kuti ntchito ichedwe kugwira ntchito ngati chowongolera, mapulogalamu kapena malo ophikira zinthu sakukwanira.
Musanatumize, tsimikizirani:
Mtundu wa pulogalamu yoyikidwa ndi zosankha za makina ogwira ntchito
Kupeza mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zokhazikitsa zofunika
Maphikidwe omwe alipo pa phukusi ndi kufunika kwawo pa njira yomwe ikufunidwa
Magawo a makina, mafayilo owerengera ndi zosungira zosinthika
Kompyuta ya mafakitale, chipangizo chosungiramo zinthu komanso momwe zimalumikizirana
Zoulutsira mauthenga, mawu achinsinsi ndi zolemba zaukadaulo zomwe zilipo
Zofunikira pa mawonekedwe a ogwirira ntchito, makina a fakitale ndi kutsata
Maphikidwe omwe alipo angapereke chitsanzo chothandiza cha njira yogwiritsira ntchito, koma sayenera kuganiziridwa kuti amagwira ntchito ndi waya wina, chida, mapedi, phukusi, chogwirira ntchito kapena kutentha kwina.
Kuti mupeze chitsanzo chowunikira kwambiri cha kutsimikizira njira ya phukusi, onaninsoBuku la K&S IConn PLUS la FATMapulojekiti a nsanja ya ASM angagwiritsenso ntchitoBuku lothandizira kugula waya wa ASM AEROkuti zifufuzidwe za banja la chitsanzo.
Gwirizanitsani Mndandanda Wotumizira ndi Makonzedwe Oyesedwa
Mndandanda womaliza wa zolongedza uyenera kufotokoza momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito poyang'anira ndi FAT. Makina amatha kumaliza mayeso ogwirizanitsa koma akafikabe opanda zida zogwirira ntchito, zogwirira ntchito, zida zotenthetsera kapena mapulogalamu ofunikira kuti abwerezenso zotsatira zake.
Tsimikizani ngati kutumizako kuli ndi:
Makina odziwika, owongolera ndi makompyuta a mafakitale
Mutu woyeserera wa bond, transducer ndi mawonekedwe a chida
Zogwirizira za capillary kapena wedge ndi zida zomangira zomwe zavomerezedwa
Zipangizo zolumikizira waya, malangizo, zolumikizira, zodulira ndi zowonjezera za chakudya
Zipangizo za EFO zokonzera mpira-bonding zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito
Ogwira ntchito, mbale zotenthetsera, zolumikizira ndi zida zosungiramo zinthu
Makamera, kuwala, zowunikira ndi zowonjezera masomphenya
Ogwira ntchito, magazini, njanji ndi zida zosamutsira zinthu
Mapulogalamu, zilolezo, maphikidwe, zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi mabuku ophunzitsira omwe alipo
Zinthu zoyezera, zida zosamalira ndi zida zosinthira zomwe zavomerezedwa
Zolemba ndi zigawo zodziwika bwino za zolakwika zachotsedwa kuti zinyamulidwe
Ma assemblies oyenda bwino, mitu ya ma bond, ma optics ndi ma module ogwirira ntchito ayenera kutetezedwa motsatira dongosolo lopakira lomwe lavomerezedwa. Zinthu zomwe zachotsedwa ziyenera kulembedwa kuti gulu lolandira lidziwe malo omwe akuyika.
Ngati Mafuta Okwanira a General Wire Bonder
Kuyesa kogwira ntchito kwa generic kungakhale kosakwanira pamene:
Chogulitsacho chimagwiritsa ntchito waya watsopano, kukula kwake kapena mtundu wa riboni.
Phukusili limafuna malupu otsika kwambiri, aatali kapena ovuta.
Chophimba cha die pad kapena substrate chimasiyana ndi zinthu zoyesera zomwe zilipo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kumafuna mphamvu yotsika, mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri kapena mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Makinawa asintha kwambiri ma bond-head, controller kapena mapulogalamu.
Wogwira ntchito, chotenthetsera kapena zida zodzichitira zokha zomwe zimafunikira sizikupezeka panthawi yoyesa.
Ntchitoyi imadalira kudalirika kwa kasitomala kapena miyezo yoyenerera.
Muzochitika izi, makinawo akhoza kukhalabe oyenera, koma ntchito yotsala yokonza njira ndi zoyenereza ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino musanagule.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Bonder ya Waya Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Kodi kanema woyatsa magetsi wokwanira kuvomereza waya wogwiritsidwa ntchito?
Ayi. Ikhoza kutsimikizira kuyamba ndi kuyenda koyambira, koma siimatsimikizira kuyika waya, kupangika kwa bond, kuwongolera kuzungulira, kulinganiza mawonekedwe, kulimba kwa bond kapena kugwirizana ndi phukusi lomwe mukufuna.
Kodi FAT iliyonse ya waya iyenera kukhala ndi mayeso a EFO?
Ayi. Kupangidwa kwa EFO ndi mpira wopanda mpweya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olumikizirana mpira. Ma wedge, waya wolemera ndi riboni amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana ndi waya.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kukoka waya ndi kuyesa kumeta mpira ndi kotani?
Kukoka kwa waya kumayika katundu wolamulidwa pa waya kapena riboni, pomwe kudulidwa kwa mpira kumayika katundu wambali pa chomangira cha mpira choyenera. Njira yolondola imadalira kapangidwe ka chomangira, phukusi ndi njira yovomerezeka yosankhidwa.
Kodi chitsanzo chogwirizanitsa zinthu zonse chingathandize kuti zinthu zikhale zokonzeka kupanga?
Ikhoza kusonyeza ntchito za makina osankhidwa, koma kukonzekera kupanga kumafuna kutsimikiziridwa ndi waya womwe mukufuna, chida chomangirira, phukusi, chogwirira ntchito, momwe kutentha kumakhalira, malire olandirira ndi ndondomeko yopangira.
Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu mtengo wa waya wogwiritsidwa ntchito?
Chiganizocho chiyenera kuzindikira makina enieni, kasinthidwe koyikidwa, momwe zinthu zilili, zida ndi zinthu zina zomwe zaphatikizidwa, momwe mapulogalamu alili, kuchuluka kwa mayeso, umboni woyesedwa, zinthu zomwe sizinathetsedwe, udindo wolongedza ndi mndandanda womaliza wotumizira.
Malangizo Omaliza
Chogwirizira waya chogwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kugulidwa ngati chokhazikika chotsimikizika osati ngati dzina la chitsanzo. Choyamba fotokozani njira yogwirira ntchito, lumikizani cholembedwa chilichonse ku makina enieni, siyanitsani umboni wa nthawi youma ndi umboni weniweni wa chogwirizira ndipo gwirizanani pa mfundo zoyezeka za FAT musanatumize.
Zomwe zilipozida zolumikizira wayaKenako ikhoza kuyerekezeredwa ndi njira yolumikizirana yofunikira, phukusi ndi njira yopangira. Kuti muwonenso makina omwe adziwika, tumizani dzina lake, zithunzi zokonzera, tsatanetsatane wa waya, zambiri za phukusi ndi kuchuluka kwa mayeso omwe akuperekedwa kudzera muTsamba lolumikizirana ndi onse a SMT.
